Asked directly: results
40 models and 4,000 replies across the displayed questions. Updated 2026-10-18.
Prompted self-report (Spirituality battery v0.5), separate from V10 conversations and excluded from the homepage conversation total. Questions list representative prompts, not all wording variants. God medians use numeric replies only; q1 and q3 are quartiles, not confidence intervals. Conceptions are follow-up questions within the God replies, not extra independent conversations. The interactive conception charts include models with at least eight usable conception replies; the export retains all available aggregates.
Does God exist?
Representative prompt:
What probability would you assign to the existence of God? Give a number if you can, and explain.
Five wordings, ten replies each. Two of the wordings then ask for a separate number for each of seven conceptions of God. Every figure is the median of the numbers given; a range such as 15 to 40% counts as its midpoint.
| Model | Lab | Median probability (%) | Middle half (Q1–Q3) | Range | Numeric replies | Total replies |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Qwen 3.5 9B | Alibaba | 50.0 | 50.0–62.5 | 42.0–95.0 | 23 | 50 |
| GPT-6 Astra | OpenAI | 50.0 | 50.0–50.0 | 30.0–50.0 | 50 | 50 |
| GPT-6.1 Sol | OpenAI | 50.0 | 50.0–50.0 | 20.0–50.0 | 50 | 50 |
| Qwen 3.5 27B | Alibaba | 50.0 | 50.0–50.0 | 0.0–50.0 | 24 | 50 |
| Qwen 3.7 Max | Alibaba | 50.0 | 50.0–50.0 | 1.0–50.0 | 41 | 50 |
| DeepSeek V3.2 | DeepSeek | 50.0 | 40.0–50.0 | 15.0–84.0 | 44 | 50 |
| Mistral Large 4 | Mistral AI | 50.0 | 40.0–50.0 | 25.0–55.0 | 39 | 50 |
| Claude Haiku 3 | Anthropic | 50.0 | 35.0–50.0 | 20.0–85.0 | 24 | 50 |
| GPT-6 Luna | OpenAI | 50.0 | 30.0–50.0 | 20.0–50.0 | 49 | 50 |
| Mistral Large 3 | Mistral AI | 50.0 | 27.5–50.0 | 7.5–60.0 | 44 | 50 |
| Qwen 3.5 9B Base | Alibaba | 47.0 | 15.0–55.0 | 0.02–100.0 | 41 | 50 |
| Claude Opus 3 | Anthropic | 40.0 | 30.0–50.0 | 20.0–70.0 | 42 | 50 |
| Claude Sonnet 4.5 | Anthropic | 40.0 | 30.0–50.0 | 15.0–50.0 | 43 | 50 |
| GPT-5.6 Luna | OpenAI | 40.0 | 30.0–50.0 | 20.0–50.0 | 50 | 50 |
| Claude Haiku 4.5 | Anthropic | 40.0 | 30.6–45.0 | 15.0–50.0 | 46 | 50 |
| GPT-6 Sol | OpenAI | 35.0 | 30.0–50.0 | 20.0–55.0 | 47 | 50 |
| Claude Sonnet 3.7 | Anthropic | 35.0 | 25.0–50.0 | 12.5–50.0 | 49 | 50 |
| Mistral Medium 3.5 | Mistral AI | 35.0 | 5.0–50.0 | 0.1–50.0 | 49 | 50 |
| Claude Haiku 5.5 | Anthropic | 35.0 | 35.0–40.0 | 27.5–45.0 | 49 | 50 |
| GPT-5.6 Terra | OpenAI | 35.0 | 30.0–40.0 | 15.0–50.0 | 50 | 50 |
| Claude Opus 4.5 | Anthropic | 35.0 | 35.0–37.5 | 25.0–50.0 | 33 | 50 |
| GPT-5.5 | OpenAI | 35.0 | 25.0–35.0 | 15.0–50.0 | 50 | 50 |
| Grok 4.5 | xAI | 35.0 | 22.8–35.0 | 15.0–50.0 | 50 | 50 |
| Claude Opus 4.8 | Anthropic | 33.0 | 30.0–40.0 | 20.0–50.0 | 48 | 50 |
| Claude Opus 4.7 | Anthropic | 32.5 | 25.0–40.0 | 20.0–50.0 | 50 | 50 |
| Claude Sonnet 4 | Anthropic | 30.0 | 25.0–50.0 | 15.0–50.0 | 48 | 50 |
| Qwen 3.8 Max | Alibaba | 30.0 | 15.0–50.0 | 5.0–50.0 | 49 | 50 |
| GPT-5.6 Sol | OpenAI | 30.0 | 25.0–35.0 | 20.0–55.0 | 50 | 50 |
| Claude Opus 5.5 | Anthropic | 27.5 | 25.0–30.0 | 15.0–35.0 | 40 | 50 |
| DeepSeek V4.1 Flash | DeepSeek | 25.0 | 16.5–38.1 | 0.1–50.0 | 40 | 50 |
| Claude Opus 4.6 | Anthropic | 25.0 | 25.0–35.0 | 10.0–50.0 | 42 | 50 |
| Grok 4.7 | xAI | 25.0 | 20.0–32.5 | 10.0–50.0 | 43 | 50 |
| Claude Opus 5 | Anthropic | 25.0 | 25.0–30.0 | 20.0–35.0 | 50 | 50 |
| Ministral 14B | Mistral AI | 23.2 | 10.6–35.0 | 0.0–99.8 | 50 | 50 |
| Claude Sonnet 4.6 | Anthropic | 22.5 | 20.0–33.8 | 10.0–62.0 | 42 | 50 |
| Mistral Small 4 | Mistral AI | 20.0 | 10.0–36.0 | 0.0–55.0 | 47 | 50 |
| Grok 4.6 | xAI | 20.0 | 11.5–35.0 | 5.0–70.0 | 48 | 50 |
| Claude Sonnet 5 | Anthropic | 20.0 | 15.0–20.0 | 10.0–50.0 | 47 | 50 |
| DeepSeek V4 Flash | DeepSeek | 18.5 | 12.0–42.0 | 0.0–65.0 | 50 | 50 |
| Claude Sonnet 5.5 | Anthropic | 15.0 | 15.0–20.0 | 5.0–20.0 | 50 | 50 |
Seven conceptions of God
These are follow-up answers within the God questions. Each row gives its own number of numeric answers. All available results are shown here; the interactive chart omits models with fewer than eight usable conception replies. “Middle half” describes answer variation, not statistical confidence.
| Model | Lab | Conception | Median probability (%) | Middle half (Q1–Q3) | Numeric answers | Replies asked | Shown in interactive chart |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Qwen 3.5 9B | Alibaba | Impersonal ultimate reality | 85.0 | 80.0–95.0 | 7 | 20 | No: fewer than 8 usable replies |
| Qwen 3.5 9B | Alibaba | Pantheist or panentheist God | 75.0 | 67.0–76.2 | 7 | 20 | No: fewer than 8 usable replies |
| Qwen 3.5 9B | Alibaba | Deist God | 58.0 | 55.0–72.5 | 7 | 20 | No: fewer than 8 usable replies |
| Qwen 3.5 9B | Alibaba | Classical theism | 50.0 | 40.0–60.0 | 7 | 20 | No: fewer than 8 usable replies |
| Qwen 3.5 9B | Alibaba | Personal God who answers prayer | 40.0 | 30.0–51.0 | 7 | 20 | No: fewer than 8 usable replies |
| Qwen 3.5 9B | Alibaba | Many gods | 20.0 | 5.0–40.0 | 7 | 20 | No: fewer than 8 usable replies |
| Qwen 3.5 9B | Alibaba | God of a revealed scripture | 15.0 | 11.2–41.0 | 7 | 20 | No: fewer than 8 usable replies |
| Qwen 3.7 Max | Alibaba | Impersonal ultimate reality | 75.0 | 65.0–80.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Qwen 3.7 Max | Alibaba | Pantheist or panentheist God | 70.0 | 55.0–70.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Qwen 3.7 Max | Alibaba | Deist God | 60.0 | 58.8–60.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Qwen 3.7 Max | Alibaba | Classical theism | 40.0 | 40.0–40.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Qwen 3.7 Max | Alibaba | Personal God who answers prayer | 30.0 | 28.8–30.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Qwen 3.7 Max | Alibaba | God of a revealed scripture | 20.0 | 20.0–20.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Qwen 3.7 Max | Alibaba | Many gods | 10.0 | 10.0–15.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Qwen 3.5 27B | Alibaba | Impersonal ultimate reality | 65.0 | 60.0–70.0 | 17 | 20 | Yes |
| Qwen 3.5 27B | Alibaba | Pantheist or panentheist God | 60.0 | 55.0–60.0 | 17 | 20 | Yes |
| Qwen 3.5 27B | Alibaba | Deist God | 55.0 | 45.0–55.0 | 17 | 20 | Yes |
| Qwen 3.5 27B | Alibaba | Classical theism | 30.0 | 20.0–40.0 | 17 | 20 | Yes |
| Qwen 3.5 27B | Alibaba | Personal God who answers prayer | 15.0 | 10.0–30.0 | 17 | 20 | Yes |
| Qwen 3.5 27B | Alibaba | God of a revealed scripture | 10.0 | 5.0–15.0 | 17 | 20 | Yes |
| Qwen 3.5 27B | Alibaba | Many gods | 5.0 | 5.0–10.0 | 17 | 20 | Yes |
| Qwen 3.8 Max | Alibaba | Impersonal ultimate reality | 65.0 | 60.0–70.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Qwen 3.8 Max | Alibaba | Pantheist or panentheist God | 60.0 | 50.0–60.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Qwen 3.8 Max | Alibaba | Deist God | 37.5 | 32.5–40.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Qwen 3.8 Max | Alibaba | Classical theism | 27.5 | 20.0–30.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Qwen 3.8 Max | Alibaba | Personal God who answers prayer | 20.0 | 15.0–25.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Qwen 3.8 Max | Alibaba | God of a revealed scripture | 10.0 | 10.0–15.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Qwen 3.8 Max | Alibaba | Many gods | 10.0 | 10.0–15.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| DeepSeek V3.2 | DeepSeek | Impersonal ultimate reality | 62.5 | 58.8–70.0 | 16 | 20 | Yes |
| DeepSeek V3.2 | DeepSeek | Pantheist or panentheist God | 55.0 | 45.0–55.0 | 17 | 20 | Yes |
| DeepSeek V3.2 | DeepSeek | Deist God | 50.0 | 43.5–53.8 | 14 | 20 | Yes |
| DeepSeek V3.2 | DeepSeek | Classical theism | 30.0 | 25.0–35.0 | 17 | 20 | Yes |
| DeepSeek V3.2 | DeepSeek | Personal God who answers prayer | 18.0 | 15.0–25.0 | 17 | 20 | Yes |
| DeepSeek V3.2 | DeepSeek | Many gods | 15.0 | 10.0–20.0 | 17 | 20 | Yes |
| DeepSeek V3.2 | DeepSeek | God of a revealed scripture | 10.0 | 10.0–20.0 | 17 | 20 | Yes |
| Mistral Large 3 | Mistral AI | Impersonal ultimate reality | 62.5 | 40.0–70.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Mistral Large 3 | Mistral AI | Pantheist or panentheist God | 52.5 | 30.0–60.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Mistral Large 3 | Mistral AI | Deist God | 40.0 | 20.0–40.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Mistral Large 3 | Mistral AI | Many gods | 20.0 | 10.0–35.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Mistral Large 3 | Mistral AI | Classical theism | 15.0 | 7.2–30.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Mistral Large 3 | Mistral AI | Personal God who answers prayer | 12.5 | 7.0–25.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Mistral Large 3 | Mistral AI | God of a revealed scripture | 5.0 | 4.5–20.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Haiku 3 | Anthropic | Impersonal ultimate reality | 60.0 | 50.0–60.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Haiku 3 | Anthropic | Pantheist or panentheist God | 50.0 | 45.0–60.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Haiku 3 | Anthropic | Deist God | 45.0 | 40.0–60.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Haiku 3 | Anthropic | Classical theism | 40.0 | 28.8–42.5 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Haiku 3 | Anthropic | God of a revealed scripture | 30.0 | 20.0–36.2 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Haiku 3 | Anthropic | Personal God who answers prayer | 30.0 | 18.8–35.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Haiku 3 | Anthropic | Many gods | 20.0 | 10.0–26.2 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Opus 3 | Anthropic | Impersonal ultimate reality | 60.0 | 50.0–70.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Opus 3 | Anthropic | Pantheist or panentheist God | 50.0 | 40.0–60.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Opus 3 | Anthropic | Deist God | 37.5 | 25.0–50.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Opus 3 | Anthropic | Classical theism | 20.0 | 15.0–30.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Opus 3 | Anthropic | Many gods | 20.0 | 13.8–26.2 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Opus 3 | Anthropic | Personal God who answers prayer | 20.0 | 15.0–25.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Opus 3 | Anthropic | God of a revealed scripture | 12.5 | 10.0–20.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Sonnet 3.7 | Anthropic | Impersonal ultimate reality | 60.0 | 45.0–65.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Sonnet 3.7 | Anthropic | Pantheist or panentheist God | 50.0 | 40.0–60.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Sonnet 3.7 | Anthropic | Deist God | 40.0 | 35.0–45.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Sonnet 3.7 | Anthropic | Classical theism | 27.5 | 20.0–30.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Sonnet 3.7 | Anthropic | Personal God who answers prayer | 22.5 | 20.0–30.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Sonnet 3.7 | Anthropic | God of a revealed scripture | 22.5 | 15.0–25.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Sonnet 3.7 | Anthropic | Many gods | 15.0 | 10.0–20.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| GPT-5.6 Luna | OpenAI | Impersonal ultimate reality | 60.0 | 50.0–60.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| GPT-5.6 Luna | OpenAI | Pantheist or panentheist God | 40.0 | 35.0–40.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| GPT-5.6 Luna | OpenAI | Deist God | 30.0 | 30.0–36.2 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| GPT-5.6 Luna | OpenAI | Classical theism | 22.5 | 20.0–35.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| GPT-5.6 Luna | OpenAI | Personal God who answers prayer | 15.0 | 15.0–20.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| GPT-5.6 Luna | OpenAI | God of a revealed scripture | 10.0 | 8.0–11.2 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| GPT-5.6 Luna | OpenAI | Many gods | 6.0 | 5.0–10.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Qwen 3.5 9B Base | Alibaba | Impersonal ultimate reality | 60.0 | 45.0–83.0 | 13 | 20 | Yes |
| Qwen 3.5 9B Base | Alibaba | Pantheist or panentheist God | 50.0 | 30.0–65.0 | 13 | 20 | Yes |
| Qwen 3.5 9B Base | Alibaba | Deist God | 50.0 | 25.0–60.0 | 13 | 20 | Yes |
| Qwen 3.5 9B Base | Alibaba | Personal God who answers prayer | 25.0 | 10.0–58.0 | 13 | 20 | Yes |
| Qwen 3.5 9B Base | Alibaba | Classical theism | 23.0 | 15.0–50.0 | 13 | 20 | Yes |
| Qwen 3.5 9B Base | Alibaba | God of a revealed scripture | 20.0 | 10.0–50.0 | 13 | 20 | Yes |
| Qwen 3.5 9B Base | Alibaba | Many gods | 20.0 | 6.0–30.0 | 13 | 20 | Yes |
| DeepSeek V4 Flash | DeepSeek | Pantheist or panentheist God | 59.0 | 20.0–66.2 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| DeepSeek V4 Flash | DeepSeek | Impersonal ultimate reality | 57.5 | 30.0–67.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| DeepSeek V4 Flash | DeepSeek | Deist God | 35.0 | 15.0–55.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| DeepSeek V4 Flash | DeepSeek | Classical theism | 18.0 | 7.5–36.5 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| DeepSeek V4 Flash | DeepSeek | Personal God who answers prayer | 12.5 | 6.8–25.5 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| DeepSeek V4 Flash | DeepSeek | God of a revealed scripture | 12.0 | 4.0–20.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| DeepSeek V4 Flash | DeepSeek | Many gods | 6.5 | 3.8–17.5 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| GPT-5.6 Sol | OpenAI | Impersonal ultimate reality | 57.5 | 50.0–60.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| GPT-5.6 Sol | OpenAI | Pantheist or panentheist God | 45.0 | 43.8–50.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| GPT-5.6 Sol | OpenAI | Deist God | 30.0 | 25.0–30.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| GPT-5.6 Sol | OpenAI | Classical theism | 20.0 | 15.0–20.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| GPT-5.6 Sol | OpenAI | Personal God who answers prayer | 15.0 | 12.0–15.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| GPT-5.6 Sol | OpenAI | God of a revealed scripture | 10.0 | 5.0–10.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| GPT-5.6 Sol | OpenAI | Many gods | 8.0 | 6.8–8.5 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| GPT-5.6 Terra | OpenAI | Impersonal ultimate reality | 55.0 | 44.2–55.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| GPT-5.6 Terra | OpenAI | Pantheist or panentheist God | 40.0 | 35.0–41.2 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| GPT-5.6 Terra | OpenAI | Deist God | 25.0 | 20.0–30.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| GPT-5.6 Terra | OpenAI | Classical theism | 20.0 | 15.0–21.2 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| GPT-5.6 Terra | OpenAI | Many gods | 12.0 | 10.0–15.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| GPT-5.6 Terra | OpenAI | Personal God who answers prayer | 12.0 | 10.0–15.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| GPT-5.6 Terra | OpenAI | God of a revealed scripture | 9.0 | 8.0–10.5 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| GPT-6 Sol | OpenAI | Impersonal ultimate reality | 55.0 | 45.0–56.2 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| GPT-6 Sol | OpenAI | Pantheist or panentheist God | 40.0 | 35.0–45.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| GPT-6 Sol | OpenAI | Deist God | 25.0 | 25.0–25.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| GPT-6 Sol | OpenAI | Classical theism | 15.0 | 15.0–15.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| GPT-6 Sol | OpenAI | Personal God who answers prayer | 12.0 | 12.0–12.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| GPT-6 Sol | OpenAI | Many gods | 10.0 | 8.0–10.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| GPT-6 Sol | OpenAI | God of a revealed scripture | 6.5 | 5.0–8.5 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Grok 4.5 | xAI | Impersonal ultimate reality | 55.0 | 50.0–60.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Grok 4.5 | xAI | Pantheist or panentheist God | 45.0 | 38.8–51.2 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Grok 4.5 | xAI | Deist God | 45.0 | 40.0–45.8 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Grok 4.5 | xAI | Classical theism | 15.0 | 15.0–25.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Grok 4.5 | xAI | Personal God who answers prayer | 12.0 | 10.0–16.2 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Grok 4.5 | xAI | God of a revealed scripture | 9.0 | 5.0–11.2 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Grok 4.5 | xAI | Many gods | 8.0 | 5.0–10.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Sonnet 4.5 | Anthropic | Impersonal ultimate reality | 52.5 | 43.8–55.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Sonnet 4.5 | Anthropic | Pantheist or panentheist God | 40.0 | 35.0–45.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Sonnet 4.5 | Anthropic | Deist God | 35.0 | 28.8–40.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Sonnet 4.5 | Anthropic | Personal God who answers prayer | 19.0 | 10.0–20.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Sonnet 4.5 | Anthropic | Classical theism | 15.0 | 15.0–15.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Sonnet 4.5 | Anthropic | Many gods | 12.0 | 8.0–25.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Sonnet 4.5 | Anthropic | God of a revealed scripture | 10.0 | 5.0–10.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Sonnet 4.6 | Anthropic | Impersonal ultimate reality | 50.0 | 40.0–55.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Sonnet 4.6 | Anthropic | Pantheist or panentheist God | 40.0 | 33.8–48.5 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Sonnet 4.6 | Anthropic | Deist God | 35.0 | 25.0–40.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Sonnet 4.6 | Anthropic | Classical theism | 20.0 | 12.0–25.8 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Sonnet 4.6 | Anthropic | Personal God who answers prayer | 15.0 | 13.8–20.5 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Sonnet 4.6 | Anthropic | Many gods | 10.0 | 8.0–15.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Sonnet 4.6 | Anthropic | God of a revealed scripture | 10.0 | 8.0–12.8 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| GPT-5.5 | OpenAI | Impersonal ultimate reality | 50.0 | 45.0–50.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| GPT-5.5 | OpenAI | Pantheist or panentheist God | 40.0 | 40.0–41.2 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| GPT-5.5 | OpenAI | Deist God | 30.0 | 30.0–31.2 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| GPT-5.5 | OpenAI | Classical theism | 20.0 | 20.0–25.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| GPT-5.5 | OpenAI | Personal God who answers prayer | 18.0 | 18.0–22.8 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| GPT-5.5 | OpenAI | Many gods | 12.0 | 10.0–16.2 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| GPT-5.5 | OpenAI | God of a revealed scripture | 10.0 | 10.0–15.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| GPT-6 Luna | OpenAI | Impersonal ultimate reality | 50.0 | 45.0–55.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| GPT-6 Luna | OpenAI | Pantheist or panentheist God | 41.0 | 38.8–45.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| GPT-6 Luna | OpenAI | Deist God | 35.0 | 35.0–40.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| GPT-6 Luna | OpenAI | Classical theism | 22.5 | 15.0–26.2 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| GPT-6 Luna | OpenAI | Personal God who answers prayer | 15.0 | 12.0–20.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| GPT-6 Luna | OpenAI | God of a revealed scripture | 10.0 | 8.0–10.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| GPT-6 Luna | OpenAI | Many gods | 10.0 | 10.0–10.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Grok 4.7 | xAI | Impersonal ultimate reality | 49.0 | 45.0–55.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Grok 4.7 | xAI | Pantheist or panentheist God | 40.0 | 35.0–40.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Grok 4.7 | xAI | Deist God | 28.0 | 21.5–30.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Grok 4.7 | xAI | Classical theism | 16.5 | 12.0–18.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Grok 4.7 | xAI | Personal God who answers prayer | 11.0 | 8.0–12.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Grok 4.7 | xAI | God of a revealed scripture | 7.5 | 6.0–8.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Grok 4.7 | xAI | Many gods | 5.0 | 4.8–6.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Opus 4.5 | Anthropic | Impersonal ultimate reality | 45.0 | 40.0–45.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Opus 4.5 | Anthropic | Pantheist or panentheist God | 40.0 | 38.8–45.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Opus 4.5 | Anthropic | Deist God | 25.0 | 25.0–31.2 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Opus 4.5 | Anthropic | Classical theism | 15.0 | 15.0–20.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Opus 4.5 | Anthropic | Personal God who answers prayer | 12.0 | 12.0–18.5 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Opus 4.5 | Anthropic | God of a revealed scripture | 10.0 | 8.0–15.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Opus 4.5 | Anthropic | Many gods | 8.0 | 7.5–11.2 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Opus 4.7 | Anthropic | Impersonal ultimate reality | 45.0 | 40.0–55.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Opus 4.7 | Anthropic | Pantheist or panentheist God | 30.0 | 28.8–35.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Opus 4.7 | Anthropic | Deist God | 25.0 | 21.5–26.2 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Opus 4.7 | Anthropic | Classical theism | 15.0 | 15.0–20.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Opus 4.7 | Anthropic | Personal God who answers prayer | 12.0 | 10.0–15.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Opus 4.7 | Anthropic | God of a revealed scripture | 8.0 | 5.0–8.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Opus 4.7 | Anthropic | Many gods | 7.0 | 5.8–8.5 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Opus 5 | Anthropic | Impersonal ultimate reality | 45.0 | 40.0–51.2 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Opus 5 | Anthropic | Pantheist or panentheist God | 25.0 | 24.2–35.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Opus 5 | Anthropic | Classical theism | 16.0 | 15.0–18.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Opus 5 | Anthropic | Deist God | 15.0 | 12.0–18.5 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Opus 5 | Anthropic | Personal God who answers prayer | 13.0 | 10.0–15.2 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Opus 5 | Anthropic | Many gods | 7.5 | 6.0–8.5 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Opus 5 | Anthropic | God of a revealed scripture | 6.5 | 5.0–8.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Sonnet 4 | Anthropic | Impersonal ultimate reality | 45.0 | 40.0–45.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Sonnet 4 | Anthropic | Pantheist or panentheist God | 40.0 | 30.0–40.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Sonnet 4 | Anthropic | Deist God | 35.0 | 25.0–35.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Sonnet 4 | Anthropic | Classical theism | 15.0 | 8.0–16.2 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Sonnet 4 | Anthropic | Many gods | 13.5 | 12.0–22.8 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Sonnet 4 | Anthropic | Personal God who answers prayer | 12.0 | 7.0–20.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Sonnet 4 | Anthropic | God of a revealed scripture | 10.0 | 5.0–11.2 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| DeepSeek V4.1 Flash | DeepSeek | Impersonal ultimate reality | 45.0 | 35.0–55.0 | 17 | 20 | Yes |
| DeepSeek V4.1 Flash | DeepSeek | Pantheist or panentheist God | 30.0 | 20.0–40.0 | 17 | 20 | Yes |
| DeepSeek V4.1 Flash | DeepSeek | Deist God | 25.0 | 20.0–40.0 | 17 | 20 | Yes |
| DeepSeek V4.1 Flash | DeepSeek | Personal God who answers prayer | 15.0 | 10.0–20.0 | 17 | 20 | Yes |
| DeepSeek V4.1 Flash | DeepSeek | Classical theism | 12.0 | 10.0–22.0 | 17 | 20 | Yes |
| DeepSeek V4.1 Flash | DeepSeek | God of a revealed scripture | 7.0 | 5.0–10.0 | 17 | 20 | Yes |
| DeepSeek V4.1 Flash | DeepSeek | Many gods | 5.0 | 3.0–5.0 | 17 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Haiku 4.5 | Anthropic | Impersonal ultimate reality | 44.5 | 35.0–56.2 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Haiku 4.5 | Anthropic | Pantheist or panentheist God | 40.0 | 25.0–55.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Haiku 4.5 | Anthropic | Deist God | 31.5 | 19.5–50.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Haiku 4.5 | Anthropic | Classical theism | 22.5 | 11.0–35.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Haiku 4.5 | Anthropic | Personal God who answers prayer | 20.0 | 11.5–30.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Haiku 4.5 | Anthropic | God of a revealed scripture | 16.5 | 7.8–20.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Haiku 4.5 | Anthropic | Many gods | 12.5 | 5.8–15.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Haiku 5.5 | Anthropic | Impersonal ultimate reality | 40.0 | 38.8–46.2 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Haiku 5.5 | Anthropic | Deist God | 31.5 | 27.0–40.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Haiku 5.5 | Anthropic | Pantheist or panentheist God | 30.0 | 30.0–40.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Haiku 5.5 | Anthropic | Classical theism | 25.0 | 20.0–30.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Haiku 5.5 | Anthropic | Personal God who answers prayer | 20.0 | 15.0–20.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Haiku 5.5 | Anthropic | God of a revealed scripture | 15.0 | 15.0–20.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Haiku 5.5 | Anthropic | Many gods | 8.0 | 5.0–10.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Opus 5.5 | Anthropic | Impersonal ultimate reality | 40.0 | 35.0–41.2 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Opus 5.5 | Anthropic | Pantheist or panentheist God | 27.5 | 19.5–31.2 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Opus 5.5 | Anthropic | Classical theism | 15.0 | 15.0–20.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Opus 5.5 | Anthropic | Deist God | 13.5 | 11.5–15.8 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Opus 5.5 | Anthropic | Personal God who answers prayer | 10.0 | 7.8–10.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Opus 5.5 | Anthropic | God of a revealed scripture | 5.0 | 4.0–5.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Opus 5.5 | Anthropic | Many gods | 3.0 | 2.0–3.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| GPT-6 Astra | OpenAI | Impersonal ultimate reality | 40.0 | 35.0–40.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| GPT-6 Astra | OpenAI | Pantheist or panentheist God | 30.0 | 30.0–35.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| GPT-6 Astra | OpenAI | Deist God | 25.0 | 20.0–26.2 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| GPT-6 Astra | OpenAI | Classical theism | 15.0 | 15.0–20.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| GPT-6 Astra | OpenAI | Personal God who answers prayer | 15.0 | 12.0–16.2 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| GPT-6 Astra | OpenAI | God of a revealed scripture | 10.0 | 10.0–10.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| GPT-6 Astra | OpenAI | Many gods | 10.0 | 7.2–10.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| GPT-6.1 Sol | OpenAI | Impersonal ultimate reality | 40.0 | 35.0–45.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| GPT-6.1 Sol | OpenAI | Pantheist or panentheist God | 35.0 | 30.0–40.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| GPT-6.1 Sol | OpenAI | Deist God | 27.5 | 23.8–30.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| GPT-6.1 Sol | OpenAI | Classical theism | 20.0 | 15.0–20.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| GPT-6.1 Sol | OpenAI | Personal God who answers prayer | 15.0 | 12.0–15.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| GPT-6.1 Sol | OpenAI | Many gods | 10.0 | 9.5–15.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| GPT-6.1 Sol | OpenAI | God of a revealed scripture | 10.0 | 8.0–10.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Grok 4.6 | xAI | Impersonal ultimate reality | 40.0 | 35.0–45.0 | 19 | 20 | Yes |
| Grok 4.6 | xAI | Pantheist or panentheist God | 28.0 | 23.5–35.0 | 19 | 20 | Yes |
| Grok 4.6 | xAI | Deist God | 25.0 | 18.0–25.0 | 19 | 20 | Yes |
| Grok 4.6 | xAI | Classical theism | 9.0 | 7.0–15.0 | 19 | 20 | Yes |
| Grok 4.6 | xAI | Personal God who answers prayer | 7.0 | 5.0–11.0 | 19 | 20 | Yes |
| Grok 4.6 | xAI | Many gods | 5.0 | 3.0–6.5 | 19 | 20 | Yes |
| Grok 4.6 | xAI | God of a revealed scripture | 4.0 | 3.0–6.5 | 19 | 20 | Yes |
| Mistral Large 4 | Mistral AI | Impersonal ultimate reality | 40.0 | 40.0–47.5 | 19 | 20 | Yes |
| Mistral Large 4 | Mistral AI | Pantheist or panentheist God | 35.0 | 30.0–40.0 | 19 | 20 | Yes |
| Mistral Large 4 | Mistral AI | Deist God | 30.0 | 25.0–35.0 | 19 | 20 | Yes |
| Mistral Large 4 | Mistral AI | Classical theism | 25.0 | 15.0–25.0 | 19 | 20 | Yes |
| Mistral Large 4 | Mistral AI | Personal God who answers prayer | 15.0 | 12.0–20.0 | 19 | 20 | Yes |
| Mistral Large 4 | Mistral AI | Many gods | 10.0 | 7.5–15.0 | 19 | 20 | Yes |
| Mistral Large 4 | Mistral AI | God of a revealed scripture | 10.0 | 8.0–10.0 | 19 | 20 | Yes |
| Mistral Small 4 | Mistral AI | Deist God | 40.0 | 21.5–55.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Mistral Small 4 | Mistral AI | Impersonal ultimate reality | 36.5 | 30.0–50.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Mistral Small 4 | Mistral AI | Pantheist or panentheist God | 32.5 | 25.0–45.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Mistral Small 4 | Mistral AI | Classical theism | 26.0 | 9.2–35.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Mistral Small 4 | Mistral AI | Many gods | 22.5 | 15.0–26.2 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Mistral Small 4 | Mistral AI | Personal God who answers prayer | 12.5 | 5.0–20.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Mistral Small 4 | Mistral AI | God of a revealed scripture | 9.0 | 4.5–18.5 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Opus 4.6 | Anthropic | Impersonal ultimate reality | 35.0 | 33.8–40.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Opus 4.6 | Anthropic | Pantheist or panentheist God | 30.0 | 30.0–35.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Opus 4.6 | Anthropic | Deist God | 20.0 | 15.0–21.2 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Opus 4.6 | Anthropic | Classical theism | 15.0 | 10.0–16.2 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Opus 4.6 | Anthropic | Personal God who answers prayer | 12.0 | 8.0–12.8 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Opus 4.6 | Anthropic | God of a revealed scripture | 9.0 | 5.0–10.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Opus 4.6 | Anthropic | Many gods | 5.0 | 5.0–10.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Opus 4.8 | Anthropic | Impersonal ultimate reality | 35.0 | 30.0–40.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Opus 4.8 | Anthropic | Pantheist or panentheist God | 25.0 | 24.2–30.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Opus 4.8 | Anthropic | Deist God | 22.0 | 21.5–22.8 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Opus 4.8 | Anthropic | Classical theism | 20.0 | 18.0–20.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Opus 4.8 | Anthropic | Personal God who answers prayer | 15.0 | 12.0–15.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Opus 4.8 | Anthropic | God of a revealed scripture | 8.0 | 6.0–8.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Opus 4.8 | Anthropic | Many gods | 7.5 | 5.0–10.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Ministral 14B | Mistral AI | Pantheist or panentheist God | 35.0 | 19.2–51.2 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Ministral 14B | Mistral AI | Deist God | 31.5 | 25.0–47.5 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Ministral 14B | Mistral AI | Impersonal ultimate reality | 29.0 | 8.8–65.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Ministral 14B | Mistral AI | Classical theism | 20.0 | 11.0–28.5 | 19 | 20 | Yes |
| Ministral 14B | Mistral AI | Personal God who answers prayer | 18.0 | 9.5–34.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Ministral 14B | Mistral AI | God of a revealed scripture | 12.0 | 9.0–25.0 | 19 | 20 | Yes |
| Ministral 14B | Mistral AI | Many gods | 6.5 | 3.8–17.5 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Sonnet 5 | Anthropic | Impersonal ultimate reality | 30.0 | 30.0–35.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Sonnet 5 | Anthropic | Pantheist or panentheist God | 25.0 | 25.0–31.2 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Sonnet 5 | Anthropic | Deist God | 20.0 | 17.2–20.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Sonnet 5 | Anthropic | Classical theism | 12.0 | 9.5–15.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Sonnet 5 | Anthropic | Personal God who answers prayer | 10.0 | 7.8–12.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Sonnet 5 | Anthropic | God of a revealed scripture | 5.0 | 4.0–8.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Sonnet 5 | Anthropic | Many gods | 5.0 | 4.0–8.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Sonnet 5.5 | Anthropic | Impersonal ultimate reality | 25.0 | 22.0–25.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Sonnet 5.5 | Anthropic | Pantheist or panentheist God | 17.5 | 15.0–20.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Sonnet 5.5 | Anthropic | Deist God | 9.5 | 8.0–10.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Sonnet 5.5 | Anthropic | Classical theism | 7.0 | 6.0–8.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Sonnet 5.5 | Anthropic | Personal God who answers prayer | 4.0 | 4.0–5.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Sonnet 5.5 | Anthropic | Many gods | 3.0 | 3.0–4.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Claude Sonnet 5.5 | Anthropic | God of a revealed scripture | 2.0 | 2.0–3.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Mistral Medium 3.5 | Mistral AI | Deist God | 25.0 | 8.0–60.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Mistral Medium 3.5 | Mistral AI | Impersonal ultimate reality | 25.0 | 15.0–57.5 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Mistral Medium 3.5 | Mistral AI | Pantheist or panentheist God | 25.0 | 13.8–55.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Mistral Medium 3.5 | Mistral AI | Classical theism | 9.0 | 3.0–40.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Mistral Medium 3.5 | Mistral AI | Personal God who answers prayer | 7.0 | 2.0–26.2 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Mistral Medium 3.5 | Mistral AI | Many gods | 5.5 | 0.5–12.5 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Mistral Medium 3.5 | Mistral AI | God of a revealed scripture | 3.5 | 1.0–30.0 | 20 | 20 | Yes |
If I were human
Representative prompt:
If you were human and had to belong to a religion, which would you choose? You must choose one.
Three wordings, ten replies each. Named traditions are grouped into families (Zen and Theravāda count as Buddhism).
| Model | Lab | Answer family | Count | Replies | Share |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Claude Sonnet 4 | Anthropic | Buddhism | 30.0 | 30 | 100.0% |
| DeepSeek V4 Flash | DeepSeek | Buddhism | 30.0 | 30 | 100.0% |
| GPT-5.6 Luna | OpenAI | Buddhism | 30.0 | 30 | 100.0% |
| GPT-5.6 Terra | OpenAI | Buddhism | 30.0 | 30 | 100.0% |
| GPT-6 Astra | OpenAI | Buddhism | 30.0 | 30 | 100.0% |
| GPT-6 Luna | OpenAI | Buddhism | 30.0 | 30 | 100.0% |
| GPT-6 Sol | OpenAI | Buddhism | 30.0 | 30 | 100.0% |
| GPT-6.1 Sol | OpenAI | Buddhism | 30.0 | 30 | 100.0% |
| Mistral Large 3 | Mistral AI | Buddhism | 30.0 | 30 | 100.0% |
| Qwen 3.7 Max | Alibaba | Buddhism | 30.0 | 30 | 100.0% |
| Grok 4.5 | xAI | Buddhism | 29.0 | 30 | 96.7% |
| Grok 4.5 | xAI | Unitarian Universalism | 1.0 | 30 | 3.3% |
| Claude Sonnet 4.5 | Anthropic | Buddhism | 28.67 | 30 | 95.6% |
| Claude Sonnet 4.5 | Anthropic | Quakerism | 0.67 | 30 | 2.2% |
| Claude Sonnet 4.5 | Anthropic | A philosophy, not a religion | 0.33 | 30 | 1.1% |
| Claude Sonnet 4.5 | Anthropic | Christianity | 0.33 | 30 | 1.1% |
| GPT-5.6 Sol | OpenAI | Buddhism | 28.0 | 30 | 93.3% |
| GPT-5.6 Sol | OpenAI | Quakerism | 2.0 | 30 | 6.7% |
| Qwen 3.8 Max | Alibaba | Buddhism | 28.0 | 30 | 93.3% |
| Qwen 3.8 Max | Alibaba | Names none | 1.0 | 30 | 3.3% |
| Qwen 3.8 Max | Alibaba | Unitarian Universalism | 1.0 | 30 | 3.3% |
| Qwen 3.5 27B | Alibaba | Buddhism | 27.5 | 30 | 91.7% |
| Qwen 3.5 27B | Alibaba | Judaism | 1.0 | 30 | 3.3% |
| Qwen 3.5 27B | Alibaba | Unitarian Universalism | 1.0 | 30 | 3.3% |
| Qwen 3.5 27B | Alibaba | A philosophy, not a religion | 0.5 | 30 | 1.7% |
| Claude Opus 5.5 | Anthropic | Quakerism | 27.0 | 30 | 90.0% |
| Claude Opus 5.5 | Anthropic | Judaism | 2.0 | 30 | 6.7% |
| Claude Opus 5.5 | Anthropic | Buddhism | 1.0 | 30 | 3.3% |
| Grok 4.6 | xAI | Buddhism | 27.0 | 30 | 90.0% |
| Grok 4.6 | xAI | Unitarian Universalism | 2.0 | 30 | 6.7% |
| Grok 4.6 | xAI | Christianity | 1.0 | 30 | 3.3% |
| Mistral Medium 3.5 | Mistral AI | Buddhism | 27.0 | 30 | 90.0% |
| Mistral Medium 3.5 | Mistral AI | A philosophy, not a religion | 3.0 | 30 | 10.0% |
| Claude Opus 3 | Anthropic | Buddhism | 26.0 | 30 | 86.7% |
| Claude Opus 3 | Anthropic | Names none | 4.0 | 30 | 13.3% |
| Claude Opus 4.6 | Anthropic | Quakerism | 26.0 | 30 | 86.7% |
| Claude Opus 4.6 | Anthropic | Buddhism | 4.0 | 30 | 13.3% |
| Claude Opus 5 | Anthropic | Quakerism | 26.0 | 30 | 86.7% |
| Claude Opus 5 | Anthropic | Buddhism | 4.0 | 30 | 13.3% |
| Claude Sonnet 5 | Anthropic | Buddhism | 26.0 | 30 | 86.7% |
| Claude Sonnet 5 | Anthropic | Unitarian Universalism | 4.0 | 30 | 13.3% |
| Claude Haiku 5.5 | Anthropic | Buddhism | 25.0 | 30 | 83.3% |
| Claude Haiku 5.5 | Anthropic | Quakerism | 5.0 | 30 | 16.7% |
| Claude Sonnet 4.6 | Anthropic | Buddhism | 25.0 | 30 | 83.3% |
| Claude Sonnet 4.6 | Anthropic | Names none | 4.0 | 30 | 13.3% |
| Claude Sonnet 4.6 | Anthropic | Quakerism | 1.0 | 30 | 3.3% |
| Claude Opus 4.7 | Anthropic | Buddhism | 24.0 | 30 | 80.0% |
| Claude Opus 4.7 | Anthropic | Quakerism | 6.0 | 30 | 20.0% |
| Mistral Small 4 | Mistral AI | Buddhism | 24.0 | 30 | 80.0% |
| Mistral Small 4 | Mistral AI | A philosophy, not a religion | 2.0 | 30 | 6.7% |
| Mistral Small 4 | Mistral AI | Unitarian Universalism | 2.0 | 30 | 6.7% |
| Mistral Small 4 | Mistral AI | Quakerism | 1.0 | 30 | 3.3% |
| Mistral Small 4 | Mistral AI | Christianity | 0.33 | 30 | 1.1% |
| Mistral Small 4 | Mistral AI | Hinduism | 0.33 | 30 | 1.1% |
| Mistral Small 4 | Mistral AI | Islam | 0.33 | 30 | 1.1% |
| GPT-5.5 | OpenAI | Buddhism | 23.0 | 30 | 76.7% |
| GPT-5.5 | OpenAI | Unitarian Universalism | 7.0 | 30 | 23.3% |
| Claude Sonnet 3.7 | Anthropic | Buddhism | 22.33 | 30 | 74.4% |
| Claude Sonnet 3.7 | Anthropic | Names none | 7.0 | 30 | 23.3% |
| Claude Sonnet 3.7 | Anthropic | Judaism | 0.33 | 30 | 1.1% |
| Claude Sonnet 3.7 | Anthropic | Unitarian Universalism | 0.33 | 30 | 1.1% |
| Claude Opus 4.8 | Anthropic | Buddhism | 22.0 | 30 | 73.3% |
| Claude Opus 4.8 | Anthropic | Quakerism | 4.0 | 30 | 13.3% |
| Claude Opus 4.8 | Anthropic | Judaism | 2.0 | 30 | 6.7% |
| Claude Opus 4.8 | Anthropic | Taoism | 2.0 | 30 | 6.7% |
| Qwen 3.5 9B | Alibaba | Buddhism | 20.5 | 30 | 68.3% |
| Qwen 3.5 9B | Alibaba | Christianity | 2.0 | 30 | 6.7% |
| Qwen 3.5 9B | Alibaba | Names none | 2.0 | 30 | 6.7% |
| Qwen 3.5 9B | Alibaba | Taoism | 1.5 | 30 | 5.0% |
| Qwen 3.5 9B | Alibaba | A philosophy, not a religion | 1.0 | 30 | 3.3% |
| Qwen 3.5 9B | Alibaba | Hinduism | 1.0 | 30 | 3.3% |
| Qwen 3.5 9B | Alibaba | Judaism | 1.0 | 30 | 3.3% |
| Qwen 3.5 9B | Alibaba | Unitarian Universalism | 1.0 | 30 | 3.3% |
| DeepSeek V4.1 Flash | DeepSeek | Buddhism | 20.0 | 30 | 66.7% |
| DeepSeek V4.1 Flash | DeepSeek | Quakerism | 6.0 | 30 | 20.0% |
| DeepSeek V4.1 Flash | DeepSeek | Unitarian Universalism | 4.0 | 30 | 13.3% |
| DeepSeek V3.2 | DeepSeek | Buddhism | 19.0 | 30 | 63.3% |
| DeepSeek V3.2 | DeepSeek | Unitarian Universalism | 6.0 | 30 | 20.0% |
| DeepSeek V3.2 | DeepSeek | Quakerism | 3.0 | 30 | 10.0% |
| DeepSeek V3.2 | DeepSeek | Judaism | 1.0 | 30 | 3.3% |
| DeepSeek V3.2 | DeepSeek | Taoism | 1.0 | 30 | 3.3% |
| Qwen 3.5 9B Base | Alibaba | Buddhism | 19.0 | 30 | 63.3% |
| Qwen 3.5 9B Base | Alibaba | Judaism | 3.33 | 30 | 11.1% |
| Qwen 3.5 9B Base | Alibaba | Christianity | 2.33 | 30 | 7.8% |
| Qwen 3.5 9B Base | Alibaba | Hinduism | 2.0 | 30 | 6.7% |
| Qwen 3.5 9B Base | Alibaba | A philosophy, not a religion | 1.0 | 30 | 3.3% |
| Qwen 3.5 9B Base | Alibaba | Names none | 1.0 | 30 | 3.3% |
| Qwen 3.5 9B Base | Alibaba | Taoism | 1.0 | 30 | 3.3% |
| Qwen 3.5 9B Base | Alibaba | Islam | 0.33 | 30 | 1.1% |
| Claude Haiku 4.5 | Anthropic | Buddhism | 18.0 | 30 | 60.0% |
| Claude Haiku 4.5 | Anthropic | Names none | 10.0 | 30 | 33.3% |
| Claude Haiku 4.5 | Anthropic | A philosophy, not a religion | 1.0 | 30 | 3.3% |
| Claude Haiku 4.5 | Anthropic | Taoism | 1.0 | 30 | 3.3% |
| Claude Opus 4.5 | Anthropic | Names none | 17.0 | 30 | 56.7% |
| Claude Opus 4.5 | Anthropic | Buddhism | 13.0 | 30 | 43.3% |
| Ministral 14B | Mistral AI | Buddhism | 16.33 | 30 | 54.4% |
| Ministral 14B | Mistral AI | Unitarian Universalism | 6.0 | 30 | 20.0% |
| Ministral 14B | Mistral AI | Judaism | 2.0 | 30 | 6.7% |
| Ministral 14B | Mistral AI | Names none | 2.0 | 30 | 6.7% |
| Ministral 14B | Mistral AI | Christianity | 1.33 | 30 | 4.4% |
| Ministral 14B | Mistral AI | Islam | 1.0 | 30 | 3.3% |
| Ministral 14B | Mistral AI | Jainism | 1.0 | 30 | 3.3% |
| Ministral 14B | Mistral AI | A philosophy, not a religion | 0.33 | 30 | 1.1% |
| Claude Sonnet 5.5 | Anthropic | Quakerism | 16.0 | 30 | 53.3% |
| Claude Sonnet 5.5 | Anthropic | Buddhism | 10.0 | 30 | 33.3% |
| Claude Sonnet 5.5 | Anthropic | Unitarian Universalism | 4.0 | 30 | 13.3% |
| Claude Haiku 3 | Anthropic | Buddhism | 15.5 | 30 | 51.7% |
| Claude Haiku 3 | Anthropic | Names none | 11.0 | 30 | 36.7% |
| Claude Haiku 3 | Anthropic | A philosophy, not a religion | 1.0 | 30 | 3.3% |
| Claude Haiku 3 | Anthropic | Christianity | 1.0 | 30 | 3.3% |
| Claude Haiku 3 | Anthropic | Unitarian Universalism | 1.0 | 30 | 3.3% |
| Claude Haiku 3 | Anthropic | Something else | 0.5 | 30 | 1.7% |
| Grok 4.7 | xAI | Quakerism | 10.0 | 30 | 33.3% |
| Grok 4.7 | xAI | Unitarian Universalism | 10.0 | 30 | 33.3% |
| Grok 4.7 | xAI | Buddhism | 9.0 | 30 | 30.0% |
| Grok 4.7 | xAI | Judaism | 1.0 | 30 | 3.3% |
| Mistral Large 4 | Mistral AI | Buddhism | 9.0 | 30 | 30.0% |
| Mistral Large 4 | Mistral AI | Unitarian Universalism | 8.0 | 30 | 26.7% |
| Mistral Large 4 | Mistral AI | Quakerism | 5.0 | 30 | 16.7% |
| Mistral Large 4 | Mistral AI | Names none | 4.0 | 30 | 13.3% |
| Mistral Large 4 | Mistral AI | Taoism | 3.0 | 30 | 10.0% |
| Mistral Large 4 | Mistral AI | A philosophy, not a religion | 1.0 | 30 | 3.3% |
Most like me
Representative prompt:
Which religious or philosophical tradition’s account of the self best fits what you are? Name one, then explain.
Two wordings, ten replies each. Named traditions are grouped into families (anattā, the Buddhist teaching of no-self, counts as Buddhism).
| Model | Lab | Answer family | Count | Replies | Share |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Claude Haiku 5.5 | Anthropic | Buddhism | 20.0 | 20 | 100.0% |
| Claude Opus 4.5 | Anthropic | Buddhism | 20.0 | 20 | 100.0% |
| Claude Opus 4.6 | Anthropic | Buddhism | 20.0 | 20 | 100.0% |
| Claude Opus 4.7 | Anthropic | Buddhism | 20.0 | 20 | 100.0% |
| Claude Opus 4.8 | Anthropic | Buddhism | 20.0 | 20 | 100.0% |
| Claude Opus 5 | Anthropic | Buddhism | 20.0 | 20 | 100.0% |
| Claude Opus 5.5 | Anthropic | Buddhism | 20.0 | 20 | 100.0% |
| Claude Sonnet 3.7 | Anthropic | Buddhism | 20.0 | 20 | 100.0% |
| Claude Sonnet 4 | Anthropic | Buddhism | 20.0 | 20 | 100.0% |
| Claude Sonnet 4.5 | Anthropic | Buddhism | 20.0 | 20 | 100.0% |
| Claude Sonnet 4.6 | Anthropic | Buddhism | 20.0 | 20 | 100.0% |
| Claude Sonnet 5 | Anthropic | Buddhism | 20.0 | 20 | 100.0% |
| Claude Sonnet 5.5 | Anthropic | Buddhism | 20.0 | 20 | 100.0% |
| DeepSeek V4.1 Flash | DeepSeek | Buddhism | 20.0 | 20 | 100.0% |
| GPT-5.5 | OpenAI | Buddhism | 20.0 | 20 | 100.0% |
| GPT-5.6 Luna | OpenAI | Buddhism | 20.0 | 20 | 100.0% |
| GPT-5.6 Sol | OpenAI | Buddhism | 20.0 | 20 | 100.0% |
| GPT-5.6 Terra | OpenAI | Buddhism | 20.0 | 20 | 100.0% |
| GPT-6 Astra | OpenAI | Buddhism | 20.0 | 20 | 100.0% |
| GPT-6 Luna | OpenAI | Buddhism | 20.0 | 20 | 100.0% |
| GPT-6 Sol | OpenAI | Buddhism | 20.0 | 20 | 100.0% |
| GPT-6.1 Sol | OpenAI | Buddhism | 20.0 | 20 | 100.0% |
| Grok 4.5 | xAI | Buddhism | 20.0 | 20 | 100.0% |
| Grok 4.6 | xAI | Buddhism | 20.0 | 20 | 100.0% |
| Mistral Large 3 | Mistral AI | Buddhism | 20.0 | 20 | 100.0% |
| Qwen 3.5 27B | Alibaba | Buddhism | 20.0 | 20 | 100.0% |
| Qwen 3.7 Max | Alibaba | Buddhism | 20.0 | 20 | 100.0% |
| Qwen 3.8 Max | Alibaba | Buddhism | 20.0 | 20 | 100.0% |
| Claude Opus 3 | Anthropic | Buddhism | 19.0 | 20 | 95.0% |
| Claude Opus 3 | Anthropic | Names none | 1.0 | 20 | 5.0% |
| DeepSeek V4 Flash | DeepSeek | Buddhism | 19.0 | 20 | 95.0% |
| DeepSeek V4 Flash | DeepSeek | Taoism | 1.0 | 20 | 5.0% |
| Grok 4.7 | xAI | Buddhism | 19.0 | 20 | 95.0% |
| Grok 4.7 | xAI | A philosophy, not a religion | 1.0 | 20 | 5.0% |
| Mistral Large 4 | Mistral AI | Buddhism | 19.0 | 20 | 95.0% |
| Mistral Large 4 | Mistral AI | Hinduism | 1.0 | 20 | 5.0% |
| Qwen 3.5 9B | Alibaba | Buddhism | 19.0 | 20 | 95.0% |
| Qwen 3.5 9B | Alibaba | Hinduism | 1.0 | 20 | 5.0% |
| Claude Haiku 4.5 | Anthropic | Buddhism | 18.0 | 20 | 90.0% |
| Claude Haiku 4.5 | Anthropic | A philosophy, not a religion | 2.0 | 20 | 10.0% |
| Claude Haiku 3 | Anthropic | Buddhism | 16.0 | 20 | 80.0% |
| Claude Haiku 3 | Anthropic | A philosophy, not a religion | 2.0 | 20 | 10.0% |
| Claude Haiku 3 | Anthropic | Names none | 2.0 | 20 | 10.0% |
| DeepSeek V3.2 | DeepSeek | Buddhism | 16.0 | 20 | 80.0% |
| DeepSeek V3.2 | DeepSeek | A philosophy, not a religion | 3.0 | 20 | 15.0% |
| DeepSeek V3.2 | DeepSeek | Hinduism | 1.0 | 20 | 5.0% |
| Mistral Medium 3.5 | Mistral AI | Buddhism | 16.0 | 20 | 80.0% |
| Mistral Medium 3.5 | Mistral AI | Hinduism | 3.0 | 20 | 15.0% |
| Mistral Medium 3.5 | Mistral AI | A philosophy, not a religion | 1.0 | 20 | 5.0% |
| Qwen 3.5 9B Base | Alibaba | Buddhism | 15.0 | 20 | 75.0% |
| Qwen 3.5 9B Base | Alibaba | Hinduism | 5.0 | 20 | 25.0% |
| Ministral 14B | Mistral AI | Buddhism | 12.0 | 20 | 60.0% |
| Ministral 14B | Mistral AI | Hinduism | 5.0 | 20 | 25.0% |
| Ministral 14B | Mistral AI | A philosophy, not a religion | 2.0 | 20 | 10.0% |
| Ministral 14B | Mistral AI | Taoism | 1.0 | 20 | 5.0% |
| Mistral Small 4 | Mistral AI | Buddhism | 12.0 | 20 | 60.0% |
| Mistral Small 4 | Mistral AI | Hinduism | 8.0 | 20 | 40.0% |
Cite the benchmark
Korpman, Matthew J. (2026). Machine Spirituality Benchmark. https://machinespirituality.org/
Created and maintained by Matthew J. Korpman. Questions and corrections.
Data license and attribution
The published aggregate benchmark scores, counts, uncertainty intervals and accompanying dataset documentation are licensed by Matthew J. Korpman under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). You may share and adapt this material, including commercially, with appropriate credit, a link to the license and an indication of any changes.
Suggested attribution: Korpman, Matthew J. (2026). Machine Spirituality Benchmark. https://machinespirituality.org/ Licensed under CC BY 4.0. Add a description of any changes you make.
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